Display device and electronic apparatus

ABSTRACT

A display device includes a substrate, a lens layer including a plurality of lenses, and a plurality of pixel electrodes disposed between the substrate and the lens layer. The plurality of pixel electrodes include a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode. The plurality of lenses include a first lens disposed correspondingly to the first pixel electrode and a second lens disposed correspondingly to the second pixel electrode. An area of the first pixel electrode in plan view is greater than an area of the second pixel electrode in the plan view. An area of the first lens in the plan view is greater than an area of the second lens.

The present application is based on, and claims priority from JP Application Serial Number 2019-088860, filed May 9, 2019, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

BACKGROUND 1. Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to a display device and an electronic apparatus.

2. Related Art

Organic EL devices including an organic electroluminescence (EL) element have been known. An organic EL device described in JP-A-2015-153607 includes a plurality of organic EL elements having different areas for each color in order to acquire a predetermined color balance, for example. Pixel electrodes included in the organic EL element also vary in area for each color.

For a display device including two or more pixel electrodes having different areas as in JP-A-2015-153607, there is a desire to improve a visual field angle characteristic or to increase a radiation angle.

SUMMARY

An aspect of a display device of the present disclosure includes a substrate, a lens layer including a plurality of lenses, and a plurality of pixel electrodes disposed between the substrate and the lens layer, where the plurality of pixel electrodes include a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode, the plurality of lenses include a first lens disposed correspondingly to the first pixel electrode and a second lens disposed correspondingly to the second pixel electrode, an area of the first pixel electrode in plan view is greater than an area of the second pixel electrode in the plan view, and an area of the first lens in the plan view is greater than an area of the second lens in the plan view.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a plan view illustrating a display device according to a first exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a sub-pixel according to the first exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a partial cross section of the display device according to the first exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a plan view illustrating a pixel electrode according to the first exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a plan view illustrating a part of a color filter according to the first exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a plan view illustrating a part of a lens layer according to the first exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a light path according to the first exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a flow of a method for manufacturing a display device according to the first exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a lens layer formation step according to the first exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the lens layer formation step according to the first exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating the lens layer formation step according to the first exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating the lens layer formation step according to the first exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a light-transmitting layer formation step according to the first exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 14 is a diagram schematically illustrating a display device according to a second exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 15 is a diagram schematically illustrating a display device according to a third exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a method for manufacturing a display device according to the third exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 17 is a diagram schematically illustrating a display device according to a fourth exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 18 is a plan view illustrating a modified example of the pixel electrode and the lens.

FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a modified example of the colored portion and the lens.

FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a modified example of the colored portion and the lens.

FIG. 21 is a plan view illustrating a modified example of the color filter.

FIG. 22 is a plan view illustrating a modified example of the pixel electrode, the lens, and the colored portion.

FIG. 23 is a plan view illustrating a modified example of the pixel electrode, the lens, and the colored portion.

FIG. 24 is a plan view illustrating a modified example of the pixel electrode, the lens, and the colored portion.

FIG. 25 is a plan view illustrating a modified example of the pixel electrode, the lens, and the colored portion.

FIG. 26 is a diagram schematically illustrating a part of an internal structure of a virtual image display device.

DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

Preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Note that, in the drawings, dimensions and scales of sections are differed from actual dimensions and scales as appropriate, and some of the sections are schematically illustrated to make them easily recognizable. Further, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to these embodiments unless otherwise stated to limit the present disclosure in the following descriptions.

1. First Exemplary Embodiment 1A. Display Device 100

FIG. 1 is a plan view illustrating a display device 100 according to a first exemplary embodiment. Note that, for convenience of explanation, the description will be made appropriately using an x-axis, a y-axis, and a z-axis orthogonal to each other illustrated in FIG. 1. An element substrate 1 of the display device 100 described later is parallel to an x-y plane. Further, the “plan view” refers to viewing from a−z direction. A direction in which a transmissive substrate 9 described later and the element substrate 1 overlap each other is a direction parallel to the −z direction. A thickness direction of the element substrate 1 described later is a direction parallel to the −z direction. Further, in the following, a “predetermined direction” refers to a +y direction. Further, a “planar area” refers to an area in plan view. Further, in the following description, “translucency” refers to transparency to visible light, and means that a transmittance of visible light may be equal to or greater than 50%.

The display device 100 is an organic electroluminescence (EL) display device that displays a full color image. The image includes an image that displays only character information. The display device 100 includes the element substrate 1 and the transmissive substrate 9 that is located on the +z-axis side of the element substrate 1 and has translucency. The display device 100 has a so-called top-emitting structure. The display device 100 emits light from the transmissive substrate 9. The transmissive substrate 9 is a cover that protects the element substrate 1.

The element substrate 1 includes a display region A10 in which an image is displayed, and a peripheral region A20 that surrounds the display region A10 in plan view. Note that a planar shape of the display region A10 is a quadrangular shape, but the shape is not limited thereto, and may be another polygonal shape. Further, a planar shape of the display region A10 may not be completely quadrangular, and may have rounded corners or may be partially missing. Further, the element substrate 1 includes a plurality of pixels P, a data line drive circuit 101, a scanning line drive circuit 102, a control circuit 103, and a plurality of external terminals 104.

The display region A10 is constituted of the plurality of pixels P. Each of the pixels P is the smallest unit in display of an image. The pixels P are arranged in matrix along the +x direction and the +y direction. Each of the pixels P includes a first sub-pixel PB from which light in a blue wavelength region is acquired, a third sub-pixel PG from which light in a green wavelength region is acquired, and a second sub-pixel PR from which light in a red wavelength region is acquired. A shape of the first sub-pixel PB, the third sub-pixel PG, and the second sub-pixel PR in each plan view is substantially quadrangular. In the present exemplary embodiment, each planar area of the first sub-pixel PB and the third sub-pixel PG is larger than a planar area of the second sub-pixel PR. The planar area of the first sub-pixel PB and the planar area of the third sub-pixel PG are substantially equal. The first sub-pixels PB, the third sub-pixels PG, and the second sub-pixels PR are arranged in the same color along the +x direction, and are arranged repeatedly in the order of blue, green, and red along the +y direction. Note that, when the first sub-pixel PB, the third sub-pixel PG, and the second sub-pixel PR are not differentiated, they are expressed as a sub-pixel P0. The sub-pixel P0 is an element that constitutes the pixel P. The sub-pixel P0 is an example of a unit circuit that is the smallest unit of an image to be displayed, and one pixel of a color image is expressed by the first sub-pixel PB, the third sub-pixel PG, and the second sub-pixel PR. The sub-pixel P0 is controlled independently of the other sub-pixel P0.

The data line drive circuit 101, the scanning line drive circuit 102, the control circuit 103, and the plurality of external terminals 104 are disposed in the peripheral region A20 of the element substrate 1. The data line drive circuit 101 and the scanning line drive circuit 102 are peripheral circuits that control driving of each portion constituting the plurality of sub-pixels P0. The control circuit 103 controls display of an image. Image data and the like are supplied from a higher circuit (not illustrated) to the control circuit 103. The control circuit 103 supplies various signals based on the image data to the data line drive circuit 101 and the scanning line drive circuit 102. A flexible printed circuit (FPC) substrate and the like for achieving electrical coupling to the higher circuit (not illustrated) are coupled to the external terminals 104. Further, a power supply circuit (not illustrated) is electrically coupled to the element substrate 1.

FIG. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the sub-pixel P0 according to the first exemplary embodiment. As illustrated in FIG. 2, a scanning line 13 and a data line 14 are provided on the element substrate 1. The scanning line 13 extends along the +y direction. The data line 14 extends along the +x direction. Note that there are a plurality of the scanning lines 13 and the data lines 14. The plurality of scanning lines 13 and the plurality of data lines 14 are arranged in a lattice shape. The plurality of scanning lines 13 are coupled to the scanning line drive circuit 102 illustrated in FIG. 1. The plurality of data lines 14 are coupled to the data line drive circuit 101 illustrated in FIG. 1. The sub-pixel P0 is provided to correspond to each of intersections between the plurality of scanning lines 13 and the plurality of data lines 14.

Each of the sub-pixel P0 includes an organic EL element 20 and a pixel circuit 30 that controls driving of the organic EL element 20. The organic EL element 20 includes the pixel electrode 23, a common electrode 25, and a functional layer 24 disposed between the pixel electrode 23 and the common electrode 25. The pixel electrode 23 functions as an anode. The common electrode 25 functions as a cathode. In the organic EL element 20, positive holes supplied from the pixel electrode 23 and electrons supplied from the common electrode 25 are recombined in the functional layer 24, and thus the functional layer 24 emits light. Note that a power supplying line 16 is electrically coupled to the common electrode 25. A power supply potential Vct on a low potential side is supplied from the power supply circuit (not illustrated) to the power supplying line 16. Herein, a pixel electrode 23 is provided in each of the sub-pixels P0. The pixel electrode 23 can be set to be independent of and different from the other pixel electrode 23. More specifically, the pixel electrodes 23 may be set to flow different currents, or different voltages may be set to the pixel electrodes 23.

The pixel circuit 30 includes a switching transistor 31, a driving transistor 32, and a retention capacitor 33. A gate of the switching transistor 31 is electrically coupled to the scanning line 13. Further, one of a source and a drain of the switching transistor 31 is electrically coupled to the data line 14, and the other is electrically coupled to a gate of the driving transistor 32. Further, one of a source and a drain of the driving transistor 32 is electrically coupled to a power supplying line 15, and the other is electrically coupled to the pixel electrode 23. Note that a power supply potential Vel on a high potential side is supplied from the power supply circuit (not illustrated) to the power supplying line 15. Further, one of electrodes of the retention capacitor 33 is coupled to the gate of the driving transistor 32, and the other electrode is coupled to the power supplying line 15.

When the scanning line 13 is selected by activating a scanning signal by the scanning line drive circuit 102, the switching transistor 31 provided in the selected sub-pixel P0 is turned on. Then, the data signal is supplied from the data line 14 to the driving transistor 32 corresponding to the selected scanning line 13. The driving transistor 32 supplies a current corresponding to a potential of the supplied data signal, that is, a current corresponding to a potential difference between the gate and the source, to the organic EL element 20. Then, the organic EL element 20 emits light at luminance corresponding to a magnitude of the current supplied from the driving transistor 32. Further, when the scanning line drive circuit 102 releases the selection of the scanning line 13 and the switching transistor 31 is turned off, the potential of the gate of the driving transistor 32 is held by the retention capacitor 33. Thus, the organic EL element 20 can emit light even after the switching transistor 31 is turned off.

Note that the configuration of the pixel circuit 30 described above is not limited to the illustrated configuration. For example, the pixel circuit 30 may further include a transistor that controls the conduction between the pixel electrode 23 and the driving transistor 32.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a partial cross section of the display device 100 according to the first exemplary embodiment, and is a diagram corresponding to a cross section of the display device 100 taken along an A-A line in FIG. 1.

As illustrated in FIG. 3, the element substrate 1 includes a substrate 10, a reflection layer 21, an insulating layer 22, an element portion 2, a protective layer 4, a color filter 5, a lens layer 61, and a light-transmitting layer 62. The reflection layer 21 includes a plurality of reflection portions 210. The element portion 2 includes the plurality of pixel electrodes 23, the functional layer 24, and the common electrode 25. In other words, the element portion 2 includes the plurality of organic EL elements 20 described above. The color filter 5 includes a plurality of colored portions 51. The lens layer 61 includes a plurality of lenses 610. Further, the reflection layer 21, the insulating layer 22, the element portion 2, the protective layer 4, the color filter 5, the lens layer 61, and the light-transmitting layer 62 are arranged in this order from the substrate 10 toward the transmissive substrate 9.

One sub-pixel P0 is provided with one reflection portion 210, one pixel electrode 23, one colored portion 51, and one lens 610. Note that, in the following, the pixel electrode 23 provided in the first sub-pixel PB is referred to as a “first pixel electrode 23B”, the pixel electrode 23 provided in the second sub-pixel PR is referred to as a “second pixel electrode 23R”, and the pixel electrode 23 provided in the third sub-pixel PG is referred to as a “third pixel electrode 23G”. Note that, when the first pixel electrode 23B, the second pixel electrode 23R, and the third pixel electrode 23G are not differentiated, they are expressed as the pixel electrode 23.

Similarly, the colored portion 51 provided in the first sub-pixel PB is referred to as a “first colored portion 51B”, the colored portion 51 provided in the second sub-pixel PR is referred to as a “second colored portion 51R”, and the colored portion 51 provided in the third sub-pixel PR is referred to as a “third colored portion 51G”. Note that, when the first colored portion 51B, the second colored portion 51R, and the third colored portion 51G are not differentiated, they are expressed as the colored portion 51. Further, the lens 610 provided in the first sub-pixel PB is referred to as a “first lens 610B”, the lens 610 provided in the second sub-pixel PR is referred to as a “second lens 610R”, and the lens 610 provided in the third sub-pixel PG is referred to as a “third lens 610G”. Note that, when the first lens 610B, the second lens 610R, and the third lens 610G are not differentiated, they are expressed as the lens 610. Each of the portions of the display device 100 will be sequentially described below.

The substrate 10 is a wiring substrate on which the pixel circuit 30 described above is formed on a base material formed of, for example, a silicon substrate. Note that the base material may be made of glass, resin, ceramic, or the like. In the present exemplary embodiment, the display device 100 is a top-emission type, and thus the base material may or may not have translucency. Further, the switching transistor 31 and the driving transistor 32 of the pixel circuit 30 may each be a MOS type transistor including an active layer, and the active layer may be formed of a silicon substrate, for example. The switching transistor 31 and the driving transistor 32 of the pixel circuit 30 may be thin film transistors or may be field effect transistors. Examples of a constituent material for each portion constituting the pixel circuit 30 and various wires include conductive materials such as polysilicon, metal, metal silicide, and a metallic compound.

The reflection layer 21 having light reflecting properties is provided on the substrate 10. The plurality of reflection portions 210 of the reflection layer 21 are disposed in matrix in plan view, for example. One reflection portion 210 is disposed so as to correspond to one pixel electrode 23. In other words, the reflection portion 210 and the pixel electrode 23 are disposed in a one-to-one manner. Further, the reflection portion 210 overlaps the pixel electrode 23 in plan view. Each of the reflection portions 210 reflects light generated in a light-emitting layer 240 of the functional layer 24. Therefore, each of the reflection portions 210 has light reflecting properties.

Examples of a constituent material for the reflection layer 21 include metals such as aluminum (Al) and silver (Ag), or alloys of these metals. Note that the reflection layer 21 may function as wiring that is electrically coupled to the pixel circuit 30.

The insulating layer 22 having insulating properties is disposed on the reflection layer 21. The insulating layer 22 includes a first insulating film 221, a second insulating film 222, a third insulating film 223, and a fourth insulating film 224. The first insulating film 221 is disposed so as to cover the reflection layer 21. The first insulating film 221 is formed in common across the first sub-pixel PB, the third sub-pixel PG, and the second sub-pixel PR. The first insulating film 221 overlaps the first pixel electrode 23B, the second pixel electrode 23R, and the third pixel electrode 23G in plan view. The second insulating film 222 is disposed on the first insulating film 221. The second insulating film 222 overlaps the second pixel electrode 23R in plan view and does not overlap the first pixel electrode 23B and the third pixel electrode 23G in plan view. The third insulating film 223 is disposed so as to cover the second insulating film 222. The third insulating film 223 overlaps the second pixel electrode 23R and the third pixel electrode 23G in plan view, and does not overlap the first pixel electrode 23B in plan view. The fourth insulating film 224 covers an outer edge of each of the first pixel electrode 23B, the second pixel electrode 23R, and the third pixel electrode 23G.

The insulating layer 22 adjusts an optical distance L0 being an optical distance between the reflection portion 210 and the common electrode 25 described later. The optical distance L0 varies for each light emission color. The optical distance L0 in the first sub-pixel PB is set so as to correspond to the light in the blue wavelength region. The optical distance L0 in the third sub-pixel PG is set so as to correspond to the light in the green wavelength region. The optical distance L0 in the second sub-pixel PR is set so as to correspond to the light in the red wavelength region. In the present exemplary embodiment, a thickness of the insulating layer 22 varies depending on the first sub-pixel PB, the third sub-pixel PG, and the second sub-pixel PR, and thus the optical distance L0 varies for each light emission color.

Examples of a constituent material for each of the layers constituting the insulating layer 22 include silicon-based inorganic materials such as silicon oxide and silicon nitride. Note that the configuration of the insulating layer 22 is not limited to the configuration illustrated in FIG. 3. In FIG. 3, the third insulating film 223 is disposed on the second insulating film 222, but the second insulating film 222 may be disposed on the third insulating film 223, for example.

The plurality of pixel electrodes 23 are disposed on the insulating layer 22. The plurality of pixel electrodes 23 are disposed between the substrate 10 and the lens layer 61 described later. Further, the pixel electrode 23 has translucency. Examples of a constituent material for the pixel electrode 23 include transparent conductive materials such as Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) and Indium Zinc Oxide (IZO). The plurality of pixel electrodes 23 are electrically insulated from each other by the insulating layer 22.

The plurality of pixel electrodes 23 include the first pixel electrode 23B, the second pixel electrode 23R, and the third pixel electrode 23G. The first pixel electrode 23B is disposed on a surface on the +z-axis side of the first insulating film 221. The third pixel electrode 23G and the second pixel electrode 23R are each disposed on a surface on the +z-axis side of the third insulating film 223.

FIG. 4 is a plan view illustrating the pixel electrode 23 according to the first exemplary embodiment. A shape of the pixel electrode 23 in each plan view is not particularly limited, but the shape is substantially quadrangular in the example illustrated in FIG. 4. The fourth insulating film 224 includes an opening 245 overlapping the first pixel electrode 23B in plan view, an opening 247 overlapping the second pixel electrode 23R in plan view, and an opening 246 overlapping the third pixel electrode 23G in plan view. Each of the openings 245, 246, and 247 is a hole formed in the fourth insulating film 224.

As illustrated in FIG. 3, a portion excluding the outer edge of each of the first pixel electrode 23B, the second pixel electrode 23R, and the third pixel electrode 23G is exposed and is in contact with the functional layer 24. Thus, a portion overlapping the opening 245 in plan view as illustrated in FIG. 4 substantially functions as the first pixel electrode 23B. Similarly a portion overlapping the opening 247 in plan view substantially functions as the second pixel electrode 23R. A portion overlapping the opening 246 in plan view substantially functions as the third pixel electrode 23G. The portions overlapping the opening 245, the opening 246, and the opening 247 are light-emitting portions that contribute to light emission. A portion of the element portion 2 overlapping the light-emitting portion in plan view is a light-emitting region in which light is emitted.

A planar area S2 b of the first pixel electrode 23B is greater than a planar area S2 r of the second pixel electrode 23R. A planar area S2 g of the third pixel electrode 23G is greater than the planar area S2 r of the second pixel electrode 23R. The planar area S2 b of the first pixel electrode 23B and the planar area S2 g of the third pixel electrode 23G are equal.

In the present exemplary embodiment, the shapes in each plan view of the first pixel electrode 23B, the second pixel electrode 23R, and the third pixel electrode 23G are similar. A width W2 b of the first pixel electrode 23B is greater than a width W2 r of the second pixel electrode 23R. A width W2 g of the third pixel electrode 23G is greater than the width W2 r of the second pixel electrode 23R. The width W2 b of the first pixel electrode 23B and the width W2 g of the third pixel electrode 23G are equal. The widths W2 b, W2 r, and W2 g are each a length along the +y direction.

The functional layer 24 is disposed in common to the plurality of sub-pixels P0. The functional layer 24 includes the light-emitting layer 240 that contains an organic light-emitting material. In addition to the light-emitting layer 240, the functional layer 24 includes, for example, a positive hole injecting layer, a positive hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injecting layer, and the like. The functional layer 24 includes the light-emitting layer 240 from which the light emission colors of blue, green, and red are acquired, and achieves white light emission. Note that the configuration of the functional layer 24 is not particularly limited to the configuration described above, and a known configuration can be applied.

The common electrode 25 is disposed on the functional layer 24. In other words, the common electrode 25 is disposed between the plurality of pixel electrodes 23 and the lens layer 61 described later. The common electrode 25 is disposed in common to the plurality of sub-pixels P0. The common electrode 25 has light reflecting properties and translucency. Examples of a constituent material for the common electrode 25 include various metals such as alloys including Ag such as MgAg.

The common electrode 25 resonates light generated in the light-emitting layer 240 between the reflection layer 21 and the common electrode 25. A light resonance structure in which light with a desired resonant wavelength can be extracted for each of the first sub-pixel PB, the third sub-pixel PG, and the second sub-pixel PR is formed by providing the common electrode 25 and the reflection layer 21. The light resonance structure is formed, and thus light emission at enhanced luminance is acquired at a resonance wavelength corresponding to each light emission color. The resonant wavelength is determined by the optical distance L0 described above. When a peak wavelength of a spectrum of light in a predetermined wavelength region is represented by λ0, the following relationship [1] holds true. 0 (radian) represents a sum of phase shifts that occur during transmission and reflection between the reflection portion 210 and the common electrode 25.

{(2×L0)/λ0+Φ}/(2π)=m0 (m0 is an integer)  [1]

The optical distance L0 is set such that a peak wavelength of light in a wavelength region to be extracted is λ0. The light in the predetermined wavelength region is enhanced by adjusting the optical distance L0 in accordance with the light in the wavelength region to be extracted, and the light can be increased in intensity and a spectrum of the light can be narrowed.

Note that, in the present exemplary embodiment, as described above, the optical distance L0 is adjusted by varying the thickness of the insulating layer 22 for each of the first sub-pixel PB, the third sub-pixel PG, and the second sub-pixel PR. However, the optical distance L0 may be adjusted by varying each thickness of the first pixel electrode 23B, the second pixel electrode 23R, and the third pixel electrode 23G. Further, the thickness of the insulating layer 22 is set in consideration of a refractive index of a constituent material for each of the layers constituting the insulating layer 22.

The protective layer 4 having translucency is formed on the common electrode 25. The protective layer 4 protects the organic EL element 20 and the like. The protective layer 4 may protect each of the organic EL elements 20 from external moisture, oxygen, or the like. In other words, the protective layer 4 has gas barrier properties. Thus, reliability of the display device 100 can be increased as compared to a case in which the protective layer 4 is not provided. The protective layer 4 includes a first layer 41, a second layer 42, and a third layer 43. The first layer 41, the second layer 42, and the third layer 43 are laminated in this order in the +z direction from the common electrode 25.

Examples of a constituent material for the first layer 41 and the third layer 43 include silicon-based inorganic materials including nitrogen such as silicon oxynitride and silicon nitride. When the first layer 41 is mainly composed of a silicon-based inorganic material including nitride, the gas barrier properties of the first layer 41 can be increased further than those when the first layer 41 is mainly composed of silicon oxide. The same also applies to the third layer 43.

Examples of a constituent material for the second layer 42 include resin materials such as epoxy resins. The unevenness of a surface of the first layer 41 described above on the +z-axis side is influenced by the unevenness of a surface on the +z-axis side of the common electrode 25. Thus, by providing the second layer 42 formed of a resin material, the unevenness of the surface on the +z-axis side of the first layer 41 can be suitably relieved. Thus, the surface on the +z-axis side of the protective layer 4 can be made flat. Further, a constituent material for the second layer 42 may be an inorganic material such as silicon oxide, such as silicon dioxide, and aluminum oxide, for example. Even when a defect such as a pinhole occurs in the first layer 41 during manufacturing, the defect can be complemented by providing the second layer 42 formed of the inorganic material. Thus, it is possible to particularly effectively suppress transmission of moisture and the like in the atmosphere to the functional layer 24 with, as a path, a defect such as a pinhole that may occur in the first layer 41.

Note that other materials except for the constituent materials described above may be included in the first layer 41, the second layer 42, and the third layer 43 to the extent that the function of each layer is not reduced. The protective layer 4 is not limited to the configuration including the first layer 41, the second layer 42, and the third layer 43, and may further include a layer other than these layers. Further, any two or more of the first layer 41, the second layer 42, and the third layer 43 may be omitted.

The color filter 5 is disposed on the protective layer 4. In other words, the color filter 5 is disposed between the plurality of pixel electrodes 23 and the lens layer 61. The color filter 5 selectively transmits the light in the predetermined wavelength region. Color purity of light emitted from the display device 100 can be increased by providing the color filter 5 as compared to a case in which the color filter 5 is not provided. The color filter 5 is formed of a resin material such as an acrylic photosensitive resin material containing a color material, for example. The predetermined wavelength region that selectively transmits light includes the peak wavelength AO determined by the optical distance L0.

The color filter 5 includes the first colored portion 51B that transmits the light in the blue wavelength region, the second colored portion 51R that transmits the light in the red wavelength region, and the third colored portion 51G that transmits the light in the green wavelength region. Further, the first colored portion 51B blocks the light in the green wavelength region and the light in the red wavelength region, the third colored portion 51G blocks the light in the blue wavelength region and the light in the red wavelength region, and the second colored portion 51R blocks the light in the blue wavelength region and the light in the green wavelength region.

FIG. 5 is a plan view illustrating a part of the color filter 5 according to the first exemplary embodiment. A shape of the colored portion 51 in plan view is not particularly limited, but the shape is quadrangular in the example illustrated in FIG. 5. One colored portion 51 is disposed so as to correspond to one pixel electrode 23. In other words, the colored portion 51 and the pixel electrode 23 are disposed in a one-to-one manner. Further, the colored portion 51 overlaps the pixel electrode 23 in plan view. Specifically, one first colored portion 51B overlaps one first pixel electrode 23B in plan view. One second colored portion 51R overlaps one second pixel electrode 23R in plan view. One third colored portion 51G overlaps one third pixel electrode 23G in plan view.

Note that, in the present exemplary embodiment, the colored portion 51 overlaps all of the pixel electrodes 23 in plan view, but may overlap a part of the pixel electrode 23 in plan view. Further, a planar area of the colored portion 51 is greater than a planar area of the pixel electrode 23, but may be equal to or less than the planar area of the pixel electrode 23.

A planar area S5 b of the first colored portion 51B is greater than a planar area S5 r of the second colored portion 51R. A planar area S5 g of the third colored portion 51G is greater than the planar area S5 r of the second colored portion 51R. The planar area S5 b of the first colored portion 51B and the planar area S5 g of the third colored portion 51G are equal.

In the present exemplary embodiment, the shapes in each plan view of the first colored portion 51B, the second colored portion 51R, and the third colored portion 51G are similar. A width W5 b of the first colored portion 51B is greater than a width W5 r of the second colored portion 51R. A width W5 g of the third colored portion 51G is greater than the width W5 r of the second colored portion 51R. The width W5 b of the first colored portion 51B and the width W5 g of the third colored portion 51G are equal. The widths W5 b, W5 g, and W5 r are each a length along the +y direction.

As illustrated in FIG. 3, the lens layer 61 having translucency is disposed on the color filter 5. The lens layer 61 includes the plurality of lenses 610. One lens 610 is provided for one sub-pixel P0. The lens 610 protrudes from the color filter 5 toward the transmissive substrate 9. The lens 610 is a microlens including a lens surface 611. The lens surface 611 is a convex surface. Note that the lens 610 may be a so-called spherical lens or a so-called aspherical lens.

A height T6 b of the first lens 610B is greater than a height T6 r of the second lens 610R. A height T6 g of the third lens 610G is greater than the height T6 r of the second lens 610R. The height T6 b of the first lens 610B and the height T6 g of the third lens 610G are equal. The heights T6 b, T6 r, and T6 g are each a maximum length along the +z direction.

FIG. 6 is a plan view illustrating a part of the lens layer 61 according to the first exemplary embodiment. A shape of the lens 610 in plan view is not particularly limited, but the shape is quadrangular with rounded corners in the example illustrated in FIG. 6. Further, one lens 610 is disposed so as to correspond to one pixel electrode 23. In other words, the lens 610 and the pixel electrode 23 are disposed in a one-to-one manner. Specifically, one first lens 610B is disposed so as to correspond to one pixel electrode 23B. One second lens 610R is disposed so as to correspond to one second pixel electrode 23R. One third lens 610G is disposed so as to correspond to one third pixel electrode 23G.

Further, the lens 610 overlaps the pixel electrode 23 in plan view. Specifically, one first lens 610B overlaps one first pixel electrode 23B in plan view. One second lens 610R overlaps one second pixel electrode 23R in plan view. One third lens 610G overlaps one third pixel electrode 23G in plan view. Further, in the present exemplary embodiment, the lens 610 overlaps almost all of the pixel electrodes 23 in plan view, but may overlap a part of the pixel electrode 23 in plan view. Note that the planar area of the lens 610 is greater than the planar area of the light-emitting portion of the pixel electrode 23.

A planar area S6 b of the first lens 610B is greater than a planar area S6 r of the second lens 610R. A planar area S6 g of the third lens 610G is greater than the planar area S6 r of the second lens 610R. The planar area S6 b of the first lens 610B and the planar area S6 g of the third lens 610G are equal.

In the present exemplary embodiment, the shapes in each plan view of the first lens 610B, the second lens 610R, and the third lens 610G are similar. A width W6 b of the first lens 610B is greater than a width W6 r of the second lens 610R. A width W6 g of the third lens 610G is greater than the width W6 r of the second lens 610R. The width W6 b of the first lens 610B and the width W6 g of the third lens 610G are equal. The widths W6 b, W6 g, and W6 r are each a length along the +y direction.

In the present exemplary embodiment, outer shapes of the first lens 610B, the second lens 610R, and the third lens 610G are similar. A volume of the first lens 610B is greater than a volume of the second lens 610R. A volume of the third lens 610G is greater than the volume of the second lens 610R. The volume of the first lens 610B and the volume of the third lens 610G are equal.

As illustrated in FIG. 3, a first distance Db between the first lens 610B and the first pixel electrode 23B is longer than a second distance Dr between the second lens 610R and the second pixel electrode 23R. A third distance Dg between the third lens 610G and the third pixel electrode 23G is longer than the second distance Dr between the second lens 610R and the second pixel electrode 23R. The first distance Db and the third distance Dg are equal.

Examples of a constituent material for the lens 610 include materials having translucency and insulating properties. Specific examples of the constituent material for the lens 610 include silicon-based inorganic materials such as silicon oxide, resin materials such as acrylic resin, and the like.

In the present exemplary embodiment, a refractive index of the constituent material for the lens 610 is lower than a refractive index of a constituent material for the light-transmitting layer 62 described later. Specifically, the refractive index of the constituent material for the lens 610 is, for example, equal to or greater than 1.3 and equal to or less than 1.6 with respect to visible light having a wavelength of 550 nm.

As illustrated in FIG. 3, the light-transmitting layer 62 having translucency and insulating properties is disposed on the lens layer 61. The light-transmitting layer 62 contacts the plurality of lens surfaces 611. Further, a surface of the light-transmitting layer 62 in contact with the transmissive substrate 9 is flat.

Examples of the constituent material for the light-transmitting layer 62 include materials having translucency and insulating properties. Specific examples of the constituent material for the light-transmitting layer 62 include resin materials such as epoxy resins. The light-transmitting layer 62 is formed so as to coat the plurality of lens surfaces 611 by using the resin material, and thus it is easy to flatten the surface on the +z-axis side of the light-transmitting layer 62. Further, the constituent material for the light-transmitting layer 62 may be aluminum oxide, and a silicon-based inorganic material such as silicon oxynitride.

In the present exemplary embodiment, the refractive index of the constituent material for the light-transmitting layer 62 is greater than the refractive index of the constituent material for the lens 610. The refractive index of the constituent material for the light-transmitting layer 62 is, for example, equal to or greater than 1.5 and equal to or less than 1.8 with respect to visible light having a wavelength of 550 nm.

Further, since the refractive index of the constituent material for the lens 610 is lower than the refractive index of the constituent material for the light-transmitting layer 62, the lens surface 611 is a convex surface, but the lens 610 functions as a general concave lens. In other words, the lens 610 spreads light radiated from the corresponding organic EL element 20. The spread of the light will be described later in detail.

The transmissive substrate 9 having translucency is disposed on the light-transmitting layer 62. When the light-transmitting layer 62 described above has adhesive properties, the transmissive substrate 9 is bonded to the element substrate 1 by the light-transmitting layer 62. Note that, when the light-transmitting layer 62 does not have adhesive properties, a member having adhesive properties may be disposed between the light-transmitting layer 62 and the transmissive substrate 9.

In the present exemplary embodiment, a refractive index of the constituent material for the transmissive substrate 9 is lower than the refractive index of the constituent material for the light-transmitting layer 62. The transmissive substrate 9 is formed of, for example, a glass substrate or a quartz substrate. The refractive index of the constituent material for the transmissive substrate 9 is not particularly limited, but is, for example, equal to or greater than 1.4 and equal to or less than 1.6 with respect to visible light having a wavelength of 550 nm. Note that the refractive index of the constituent material for the transmissive substrate 9 may be equal to or greater than the refractive index of the constituent material for the light-transmitting layer 62.

The configuration of the display device 100 has been described above. In the display device 100, for example, when brightness needed for the sub-pixel P0 in each color is acquired in order to produce desired white color by using three colors of blue, red, and green, magnitude of a drive current for blue is generally set to be greater than magnitude of a drive current for red. Thus, magnitude of a drive current for the organic EL element 20 provided in the first sub-pixel PB is generally greater than magnitude of a drive current for the organic EL element 20 provided in the second sub-pixel PR. As the magnitude of the drive current increases, the life of the organic EL element 20 becomes shorter. Thus, the life of the organic EL element 20 provided in the first sub-pixel PB for blue is shorter than the life of the organic EL element 20 provided in the second sub-pixel PR for red.

In the present exemplary embodiment, a difference in the magnitude of the drive current for each color is reduced by changing the size of each of the organic EL elements 20. Specifically, as described above, the planar area S2 b of the first pixel electrode 23B provided in the first sub-pixel PB is greater than the planar area S2 r of the second pixel electrode 23R provided in the second sub-pixel PR. In this way, by setting the planar area S2 b of the first pixel electrode 23B for blue to be greater than the planar area S2 r of the second pixel electrode 23R for red, a difference in the magnitude of the drive current for each color can be reduced. Thus, shortening of the life of each of the organic EL elements 20 in blue can be suppressed.

Note that, similarly to the first pixel electrode 23B, the planar area S2 g of the third pixel electrode 23G is also greater than the planar area S2 r of the second pixel electrode 23R in the present exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a light path according to the first exemplary embodiment. As illustrated in FIG. 7, the light radiated from the organic EL element 20 is radiated at a radiation angle θ when the light is emitted from the transmissive substrate 9 to the outside. In FIG. 7, a luminous flux LL of the light radiated from one point of the organic EL element 20 provided in one sub-pixel P0 is illustrated. The radiation angle θ is a solid angle of the luminous flux LL, and is an angle at which the light spreads around a principal ray A1 that is a peak of the intensity of the light.

As described above, in the present exemplary embodiment, the refractive index of the constituent material for the lens 610 is lower than the refractive index of the constituent material for the light-transmitting layer 62. Thus, a refractive angle at the lens surface 611 is greater than an incident angle. Accordingly, the luminous flux LL is refracted by the lens surface 611 and thus spreads closer to the outside than a luminous flux LL0 indicated by a broken line. Note that the luminous flux LL0 is a luminous flux when the lens surface 611 is not provided and the lens layer 61 is formed of the same material as the light-transmitting layer 62. In this way, the radiation angle θ in the sub-pixel P0 can be increased by providing the lens layer 61 and the light-transmitting layer 62 as compared to a case in which the lens layer 61 and the light-transmitting layer 62 are not provided. Further, the refractive index of the air outside is smaller than the refractive index of the constituent material for the transmissive substrate 9. Therefore, the luminous flux LL of the light refracted by the lens surface 611 is refracted by the surface of the transmissive substrate 9, and thus further spreads closer to the outside than the luminous flux LL0. Thus, the radiation angle θ can be increased further than that when the transmissive substrate 9 is not provided.

As described above, the display device 100 includes the substrate 10, the lens layer 61, and the plurality of pixel electrodes 23. The plurality of pixel electrodes 23 include the first pixel electrode 23B, the second pixel electrode 23R, and the third pixel electrode 23G. As described above, the planar area S2 b of the first pixel electrode 23B is greater than the planar area S2 r of the second pixel electrode 23R. In this way, the display device 100 includes the plurality of pixel electrodes 23 of different sizes. For example, a difference in life for each color as described above can be suppressed by changing the size for each of the pixel electrodes 23.

Further, one first lens 610B is disposed so as to correspond to one first pixel electrode 23B. Similarly, one second lens 610R is disposed so as to correspond to one second pixel electrode 23R. Similarly, one third lens 610G is disposed so as to correspond to one third pixel electrode 23G. In other words, one pixel electrode 23 and one lens 610 are provided for one sub-pixel P0. In this way, the radiation angle θ of the light emitted from each of the sub-pixels P0 can be increased by providing the lens 610 for each of the sub-pixels P0. Thus, a visual field angle characteristic of the display device 100 can be enhanced. In other words, a range of a visual field angle at which viewing is allowed without image quality changes such as a color shift can be extended. Thus, in the display device 100 including the pixel electrodes 23 that vary in size, the lens 610 is provided for each of the sub-pixels P0, and thus, for example, the display device 100 having a long life and an excellent visual field angle characteristic can be provided.

Note that the size of each of the pixel electrodes 23 may be set for other purposes except for the life. For example, the size may be set according to a desired color balance. Further, the size of each of the pixel electrodes 23 may be set according to a material contained in the light-emitting layer 240.

As described above, the planar area S2 b of the first pixel electrode 23B is greater than the planar area S2 r of the second pixel electrode 23R. The planar area S6 b of the first lens 610B is greater than the planar area S6 r of the second lens 610R. In other words, a relationship of size between the planar areas S6 b and S6 r corresponds to a relationship of size between the planar areas S2 b and S2 r. The relationships in the size correspond to each other, and thus a change in characteristics of the first sub-pixel PB and the second sub-pixel PR can be reduced. As a result, brightness unevenness and color unevenness of the display device 100 can be suppressed. Thus, the display device 100 having an excellent visual field angle characteristic can be provided as compared to a case in which the relationship of size of the lens 610 does not correspond to the relationship of size of the pixel electrode 23.

In the present exemplary embodiment, the lens 610 is provided in all of the sub-pixels P0. Thus, the display device 100 particularly has an excellent visual field angle characteristic. Note that the lens 610 may not be provided in some of all of the sub-pixels P0.

Furthermore, as described above, the volume of the first lens 610B is greater than the volume of the second lens 610R. Thus, a change in characteristics of the first sub-pixel PB and the second sub-pixel PR can be further reduced as compared to a case in which the volumes are different. Thus, the display device 100 having an excellent visual field angle characteristic can be provided. Note that the same also applies to the relationship between the volume of the third lens 610G and the volume of the second lens 610R.

Further, the first distance Db between the first pixel electrode 23B and the first lens 610B is longer than the second distance Dr between the second pixel electrode 23R and the second lens 610R. Thus, a difference in characteristics of the light for each of the sub-pixels P0 can be further reduced. As a result, brightness unevenness and color unevenness of the display device 100 can be further suppressed. Note that the same also applies to the relationship between the third distance Dg and the second distance Dr.

Further, as described above, the color filter 5 that transmits the light in the predetermined wavelength region is disposed between the common electrode 25 and the lens layer 61. In other words, the lens 610 is disposed on the +z-axis side with respect to the color filter 5. The arrangement can increase the radiation angle θ of light with high color purity, and thus the visual field angle characteristic can be particularly enhanced further than that when the lens 610 is disposed on the −z-axis side with respect to the color filter 5.

The first colored portion 51B, the second colored portion 51R, and the third colored portion 51G are aligned in the +y direction being the predetermined direction. Further, the width W5 b of the first colored portion 51B is longer than the width W5 r of the second colored portion 51R. Then, the planar area S2 b of the first pixel electrode 23B is greater than the planar area S2 r of the second pixel electrode 23R. Thus, the relationship between the lengths of the widths W5 b and W5 r corresponds to the relationship between the sizes of the planar areas S2 b and S2 r. Similarly, the relationship between the lengths of the widths W5 b and W5 r also corresponds to the relationship between the lengths of the widths W2 b and W2 r. Further, the width W5 g of the third colored portion 51G is longer than the width W5 r of the second colored portion 51R. Then, the planar area S2 g of the third pixel electrode 23G is greater than the planar area S2 r of the second pixel electrode 23R. Thus, the relationship between the lengths of the widths W5 g and W5 r corresponds to the relationship between the sizes of the planar areas S2 g and S2 r. Similarly, the relationship between the lengths of the widths W5 g and W5 r also corresponds to the relationship between the lengths of the widths W2 g and W2 r. Since the pixel electrode 23 and the colored portion 51 correspond to each other in this way, a change in the characteristics of the pixel electrode 23 and the colored portion 51 for each of the sub-pixels P0 can be reduced as compared to a case in which the pixel electrode 23 and the colored portion 51 do not correspond to each other. As a result, brightness unevenness and color unevenness of the display device 100 can be further suppressed.

Further, the first lens 610B overlaps the first pixel electrode 23B in plan view. Similarly, the second lens 610R overlaps the second pixel electrode 23R in plan view. Similarly, the third lens 610G overlaps the third pixel electrode 23G in plan view. In other words, the lens 610 overlaps the pixel electrode 23 in plan view for each of the sub-pixels P0. For this reason, light of the organic EL element 20 can be efficiently incident on the lens 610. Particularly, as illustrated in FIG. 6, the lens 610 may overlap all of the pixel electrodes 23 in plan view, and the planar area of the lens 610 may be greater than the planar area of the pixel electrode 23. Such a configuration allows light generated from the organic EL element 20 to be particularly efficiently incident on the lens 610. Thus, the bright display device 100 having the wide radiation angle θ can be achieved.

Also, as described above, the lens 610 includes the convex lens surface 611. Thus, as illustrated in FIG. 7, the luminous flux LL can be spread by the lens surface 611. Further, since a shape of the lens 610 is convex, formation of the lens 610 is easier than that when the shape is concave. Note that the formation method will be described below in detail.

Furthermore, the lens layer 61 contacts the color filter 5. A surface of the lens layer 61 opposite to the lens surface 611 contacts the color filter 5. The lens layer 61 contacts the color filter 5, and thus light transmitted through the color filter 5 can be efficiently incident on the lens 610 as compared to a case in which other members are disposed between the lens layer 61 and the color filter 5. Thus, the utilization efficiency of the light transmitted through the color filter 5 can be increased.

Note that other members may be disposed between each of the color filter 5, the lens layer 61, the light-transmitting layer 62, and the transmissive substrate 9. However, these may be laminated. By laminating them, the light transmitted through the color filter 5 can be efficiently incident on the lens 610, and the light transmitted through the lens 610 can also be efficiently emitted to the outside.

Further, as described above, the display device 100 according to the present exemplary embodiment includes the organic EL element 20. In other words, the display device 100 includes the plurality of pixel electrodes 23, the common electrode 25, and the light-emitting layer 240 disposed between the plurality of pixel electrodes 23 and the common electrode 25. The display device 100 includes the organic EL element 20, and thus an organic EL display device is formed. Thus, the organic EL display device having an excellent visual field angle characteristic can be achieved by providing the lens 610 and the light-transmitting layer 62.

Furthermore, the display device 100 has the light resonance structure. With the light resonance structure, light can be increased in intensity and a spectrum of the light can be narrowed. For this reason, the display device 100 having the light resonance structure includes the lens layer 61 and the light-transmitting layer 62, and thus an effect of expanding the radiation angle θ by the lens surface 611 is exhibited particularly suitably, and the visual field angle characteristic is further enhanced.

1B. Method for Manufacturing Display Device 100

FIG. 8 is a flow of a method for manufacturing the display device 100 according to the first exemplary embodiment. As illustrated in FIG. 8, the method for manufacturing the display device 100 includes an element substrate preparation step S11, an insulating layer formation step S12, an element portion formation step S13, a protective layer formation step S14, a color filter formation step S15, a lens layer formation step S16, and a light-transmitting layer formation step S17. The display device 100 is manufactured by performing the steps in this order.

In the element substrate preparation step S11, the substrate 10 and the reflection layer 21 that are described above are formed. In the insulating layer formation step S12, the insulating layer 22 is formed. In the element portion formation step S13, the element portion 2 is formed on the insulating layer 22. In other words, the plurality of organic EL elements 20 are formed. In the protective layer formation step S14, the protective layer 4 is formed. In the color filter formation step S15, the color filter 5 is formed. The element substrate 1, the reflection layer 21, the element portion 2, the protective layer 4, and the color filter 5 are formed by a known technique.

FIGS. 9, 10, 11, and 12 are each a diagram illustrating the lens layer formation step S16 according to the first exemplary embodiment. First, as illustrated in FIG. 9, a lens material layer 61 a is formed by depositing a lens forming composition on the color filter 5. The lens forming composition is, for example, a silicon-based inorganic material such as silicon oxide, a resin material such as acrylic resin, and the like. The formation of the lens material layer 61 a uses, for example, a CVD method. Next, a mask Ml is formed on the lens material layer 61 a. The mask Ml includes a plurality of pattern portions M11. Each of the pattern portions M11 corresponds to a position in which the lens 610 is formed. Further, each of the pattern portions M11 is formed so as to correspond to the planar area and the like of the first lens 610B, the second lens 610R, and the third lens 610G as described above. The mask Ml is formed by using, for example, a positive photosensitive resist in which an exposed portion is removed by development. The plurality of pattern portions M11 are formed by patterning by a photolithography technique.

Next, the mask Ml is melted by performing heat treatment such as reflow treatment on the mask Ml. The mask Ml is melted to be in a fluid state, and a surface is deformed into a curved surface due to the action of surface tension. The surface is deformed, and thus a plurality of convex portions M12 are formed on the lens material layer 61 a, as illustrated in FIG. 10. One convex portion M12 is formed from one pattern portion M11. A shape of the convex portion M12 is substantially hemispherical.

Next, anisotropic etching such as dry etching, for example, is performed on the convex portion M12 and the lens material layer 61 a. In this way, the convex portion M12 is removed, and the exposed portion of the lens material layer 61 a is etched due to the removal of the convex portion M12. As a result, the shape of the convex portion M12 is transferred to the lens material layer 61 a, and a plurality of lens convex portions 611 a are formed as illustrated in FIG. 11. Next, the same material as the lens material layer 61 a, namely, the lens convex portion 611 a, is deposited on the lens convex portion 611 a by using, for example, the CVD method. As a result, as illustrated in FIG. 12, a lens coat 612 a is formed on the plurality of lens convex portions 611 a. Thus, the lens layer 61 constituted of the plurality of lens convex portions 611 a and the lens coat 612 a is formed.

Note that, as a method for processing the mask Ml into a shape of the convex portion M12, for example, a method of exposure by using a gray scale mask and the like, a method of multistage exposure, or the like may be used. Note that the mask is used in the description above, but the lens 610 may be formed directly from a resin material such as acrylic resin by using the photolithography technique.

FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating the light-transmitting layer formation step S17 according to the first exemplary embodiment. As illustrated in FIG. 13, in the light-transmitting layer formation step S17, the light-transmitting layer 62 is formed by depositing a light-transmitting layer forming composition on the lens layer 61. In the present exemplary embodiment, the light-transmitting layer forming composition has a refractive index greater than a refractive index of the lens forming composition described above.

For example, when the light-transmitting layer forming composition is an adhesive having adhesive properties, the light-transmitting layer forming composition is deposited on the lens layer 61. Subsequently, the transmissive substrate 9 is pressed onto the deposited light-transmitting layer forming composition, and the light-transmitting layer forming composition is cured. According to this method, the light-transmitting layer 62 is formed, and the transmissive substrate 9 is also bonded to the element substrate 1. Note that, when the light-transmitting layer 62 does not have adhesive properties, an adhesive layer that bonds the light-transmitting layer 62 and the transmissive substrate 9 together is provided therebetween.

According to the method described above, the display device 100 a can be easily and quickly formed. Further, since the shape of the lens 610 is convex, it is easy to form the lens 610 by using the photolithography technique or the like as described above. For this reason, the lens layer 61 can be formed easily and with high accuracy as compared to a case in which the shape of the lens 610 is concave. Also, even when a constituent material for the lens layer 61 is an inorganic material, it is easy to form the convex lens 610 by using the photolithography technique or the like. Further, the alignment of the colored portion 51 and the lens 610 can be particularly easily performed by forming the lens layer 61 on the color filter 5. Further, the plurality of lenses 610 having different planar areas can be easily formed by using the photolithography technique or the like.

2. Second Exemplary Embodiment

Next, a second exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure will be described. FIG. 14 is a diagram schematically illustrating a display device 100 a according to the third exemplary embodiment. In the present exemplary embodiment, a relationship between a refractive index of a constituent material for a lens 610 and a refractive index of a constituent material for a light-transmitting layer 62 is different from that in the first exemplary embodiment. Note that, in the second exemplary embodiment, a sign used in the description of the first exemplary embodiment is used for the same matter as that of the first exemplary embodiment, and each detailed description thereof will be appropriately omitted.

In the present exemplary embodiment, the refractive index of the constituent material for the lens 610 illustrated in FIG. 14 is higher than the refractive index of the constituent material for the light-transmitting layer 62. Specifically, the refractive index of the constituent material for the lens 610 is, for example, equal to or greater than 1.5 and equal to or less than 1.8 with respect to visible light having a wavelength of 550 nm. On the other hand, the refractive index of the constituent material for the light-transmitting layer 62 is, for example, equal to or greater than 1.0 and equal to or less than 1.6 with respect to visible light having a wavelength of 550 nm. Note that the light-transmitting layer 62 may be formed in a space formed between the color filter 5 and the transmissive substrate 9, for example. In other words, the light-transmitting layer 62 may be formed in gas such as air or a vacuum.

Examples of the constituent material for the lens 610 include materials having translucency and insulating properties. Specific examples of the constituent material for the lens 610 include resin materials such as epoxy resins. Further, the constituent material for the lens 610 may be an inorganic material such as aluminum oxide and a silicon-based inorganic material, such as silicon oxynitride. On the other hand, examples of the constituent material for the light-transmitting layer 62 include silicon-based inorganic materials such as silicon oxide, resin materials such as acrylic resin, and the like. The light-transmitting layer 62 is formed so as to coat the plurality of lens surfaces 611 by using the resin material, and thus it is easy to flatten the surface on the +z-axis side of the light-transmitting layer 62.

As described above, the refractive index of the constituent material for the lens 610 is higher than the refractive index of the constituent material for the light-transmitting layer 62. Thus, a refractive angle at the lens surface 611 is smaller than an incident angle. Accordingly, a luminous flux LL is refracted by the lens surface 611 and thus converges closer to the inside than a luminous flux LL0 indicated by a broken line. Further, in the present exemplary embodiment, a focal point of the lens 610 on the transmissive substrate 9 side is located inside the transmissive substrate 9. Thus, a position PL in which the luminous flux LL illustrated in FIG. 14 is transmitted through the lens 610 and converges is located inside the transmissive substrate 9. In other words, the luminous flux LL converges inside the transmissive substrate 9. Subsequently, the luminous flux LL spreads again inside the transmissive substrate 9. Further, the luminous flux LL of light refracted by the lens surface 611 is refracted by the surface of the transmissive substrate 9, and thus further spreads closer to the outside than the luminous flux LL0. In the present exemplary embodiment, the lens 610 is also provided for each of the sub-pixels P0, similarly to the first exemplary embodiment. Thus, the visual field angle characteristic of the display device 100 a can be enhanced.

Note that the focal point of the lens 610 on the transmissive substrate 9 side may not be located inside the transmissive substrate 9, and may be located outside the display device 100 a. In this case, for example, in a virtual image display device 900 described later, an angle of view θ1 can be widened by disposing an eyepiece 90 in a place where the luminous flux LL converges and then spreads again.

3. Third Exemplary Embodiment

Next, a third exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure will be described. FIG. 15 is a diagram schematically illustrating a display device 100 b according to the third exemplary embodiment. FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a method for manufacturing the display device 100 b according to the third exemplary embodiment. The present exemplary embodiment is different from the first exemplary embodiment in that an arrangement of a lens layer 61 and a light-transmitting layer 62 is different. Note that, in the third exemplary embodiment, a sign used in the description of the first exemplary embodiment is used for the same matter as that of the first exemplary embodiment, and each detailed description thereof will be appropriately omitted.

In the display device 100 b illustrated in FIG. 15, the light-transmitting layer 62 and the lens layer 61 are arranged in this order from a color filter 5 toward a transmissive substrate 9. In other words, the light-transmitting layer 62 is disposed between a substrate 10 and the lens layer 61. Further, a lens 610 protrudes from the transmissive substrate 9 toward the color filter 5. Further, in the present exemplary embodiment, similarly to the first exemplary embodiment, a refractive index of a constituent material for the lens 610 is also lower than a refractive index of a constituent material for the light-transmitting layer 62. The lens surface 611 also spreads a luminous flux LL in the arrangement of the light-transmitting layer 62 and the lens layer 61 illustrated in FIG. 15. Thus, in the present exemplary embodiment, similarly to the first exemplary embodiment, a radiation angle θ can also be increased by providing the lens 610 as compared to a case in which the lens 610 is not provided. Furthermore, the radiation angle θ can be further increased by providing the transmissive substrate 9.

As illustrated in FIG. 16, in the manufacturing of the display device 100 b, the lens layer 61 is formed on the transmissive substrate 9. A method similar to the method described in the first exemplary embodiment is used as a method for forming the lens layer 61. After the lens layer 61 is formed, a deposition layer 62 a formed of a light-transmitting layer forming composition is formed on the lens layer 61. Subsequently, the deposition layer 62 a is pressed against the color filter 5 by moving the transmissive substrate 9 in a direction of an arrow A9. Then, in the pressed state, the deposition layer 62 a is cured. The light-transmitting layer 62 is bonded to the color filter 5 by curing the deposition layer 62 a. Note that, when the light-transmitting layer 62 does not have adhesive properties, an adhesive layer that bonds the light-transmitting layer 62 and the color filter 5 is provided therebetween.

According to this method, by forming the lens layer 61 on the surface of the transmissive substrate 9, the convex lens 610 can be formed easily and with high accuracy on the transmissive substrate 9 by using the photolithography technique or the like. Further, since the lens layer 61 is formed on the transmissive substrate 9, an influence of heat and the like on an organic EL element 20 is reduced even when the organic EL element 20 has poor heat resistance.

Further, in the present exemplary embodiment, the refractive index of the constituent material for the lens 610 is lower than the refractive index of the constituent material for the light-transmitting layer 62, but the refractive index of the constituent material for the lens 610 may be higher than the refractive index of the constituent material for the light-transmitting layer 62. Even in this case, similarly to the second exemplary embodiment, the radiation angle θ can be increased in the end, and thus the visual field angle characteristic of the display device 100 b can be enhanced.

4. Fourth Exemplary Embodiment

Next, a fourth exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure will be described. FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a display device 100 c according to the fourth exemplary embodiment. The present exemplary embodiment is different from the first exemplary embodiment in that a first colored portion 51B, a third colored portion 51G, and a second colored portion 51R have different thicknesses and that a flattening layer 7 is provided. Note that, in the second exemplary embodiment, a sign used in the description of the first exemplary embodiment is used for the same matter as that of the first exemplary embodiment, and each detailed description thereof will be appropriately omitted.

In the display device 100 c illustrated in FIG. 17, the first colored portion 51B, the third colored portion 51G, and the second colored portion 51R have thicknesses different from one another. For example, each thickness is adjusted such that appropriate chromaticity and the like are acquired. Herein, the first colored portion 51B, the third colored portion 51G, and the second colored portion 51R having the thicknesses different from one another are formed on a protective layer 4 including a flat surface, and thus a surface on the +z-axis side of a color filter 5 has irregularities. Thus, it becomes difficult to form a lens layer 61 on the surface on the +z-axis side of the color filter 5. Thus, in the display device 100 c according to the present exemplary embodiment, the flattening layer 7 having translucency is disposed on the color filter 5. In other words, the flattening layer 7 is disposed between the color filter 5 and the lens layer 61.

A surface on the +z-axis side of the flattening layer 7 is a flat surface 71. The flat surface 71 contacts the lens layer 61. The flattening layer 7 relieves the irregularities of the color filter 5. Thus, by providing the flattening layer 7, the lens layer 61 can be formed without being influenced by the irregularities on the surface on the +z-axis side of the color filter 5.

The flattening layer 7 is constituted of, for example, an inorganic layer formed of an inorganic material, an organic layer formed of an organic layer, or a laminated layer of an inorganic layer and an organic layer.

5. Modified Example

Each of the exemplary embodiments exemplified in the above can be variously modified. Specific modification aspects applied to each of the embodiments described above are exemplified below. Two or more modes freely selected from exemplifications below can be appropriately used in combination as long as mutual contradiction does not arise.

5-1. First Modified Example

In each of the exemplary embodiments described above, the organic EL element 20 has the light resonance structure having a resonance length varying for color, but may not have the light resonance structure. The element portion 2 may include, for example, a partition wall that partitions the functional layer 24 for each of the organic EL elements 20. Further, the pixel electrode 23 may also have light reflecting properties. In this case, the reflection layer 21 may be omitted. Further, although the common electrode 25 is common in the plurality of organic EL elements 20, an individual cathode may be provided for each of the organic EL elements 20.

5.2 Second Modified Example

A so-called black matrix having light shielding properties may be disposed between the lenses 610. By disposing the black matrix, light transmitted through the colored portion 51 provided in a certain sub-pixel P0 can be reduced or prevented from being incident on the lens 610 provided in the sub-pixel P0 adjacent to the certain sub-pixel P0. Note that the black matrix may be disposed between the colored portions 51 in order to prevent color mixing between the colored portions 51 adjacent to each other.

5-3. Third Modified Example

A shape of the pixel electrode 23, the lens 610, and the color filter 5 in each plan view is not limited to the shape in each of the exemplary embodiments described above. FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a modified example of the pixel electrode 23 and the lens 610. The shape of the pixel electrodes 23 and the lens 610 illustrated in FIG. 18 in each plan view may be rectangular. A length along the +x direction and a length along the +y direction may be different from each other. FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating a modified example of the colored portion 51 and the lens 610, and corresponds to a cross section taken along a B-B line illustrated in FIG. 18. FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating a modified example of the colored portion 51 and the lens 610, and corresponds to a cross section taken along a C-C line illustrated in FIG. 18. As illustrated in FIGS. 19 and 20, a shape of the lens 610 in plan view is appropriately set according to a shape of the light-emitting portion in plan view. Thus, the shape of the lens 610 in plan view may correspond to the shape of the pixel electrode 23 illustrated in FIG. 18 in plan view. Note that the same also applies to the shape of the colored portion 51.

FIG. 21 is a plan view illustrating a modified example of the color filter 5. As illustrated in FIG. 21, the colored portion 51 may be disposed so as to correspond to the plurality of pixel electrodes 23. Specifically, the first colored portion 51B overlaps the plurality of first pixel electrodes 23B. The third colored portion 51G overlaps the plurality of third pixel electrodes 23G. The second colored portion 51R overlaps the plurality of second pixel electrodes 23R. In the example illustrated in FIG. 21, the first colored portion 51B, the third colored portion 51G, and the second colored portion 51R are arranged in a stripe shape. Further, the first colored portion 51B, the third colored portion 51G, and the second colored portion 51R may overlap each other in plan view. In FIG. 21, the first colored portion 51B includes an overlapping portion 519B that overlaps the third colored portion 51G in plan view. The third colored portion 51G includes an overlapping portion 519G that overlaps the second colored portion 51R in plan view.

FIGS. 22, 23, 24, and 25 are each a plan view illustrating a modified example of the pixel electrode 23, the lens 610, and the colored portion 51. In FIGS. 22, 23, and 24, the pixel electrode 23, the lens 610, and the colored portion 51 in one pixel P are illustrated. In FIG. 25, a portion surrounded by a thick line corresponds to one pixel P.

As illustrated in FIG. 22, the planar area S2 g of the third pixel electrode 23G may be smaller than the planar area S2 b of the first pixel electrode 23B. The same also applies to the third lens 610G and the third colored portion 51G.

As illustrated in FIG. 23, the arrangement of the first colored portion 51B, the third colored portion 51G, and the second colored portion 51R may be a so-called rectangle arrangement. The first colored portion 51B, the third colored portion 51G, and the second colored portion 51R may not be aligned in the +y direction.

As illustrated in FIG. 24, the arrangement of the first colored portion 51B, the third colored portion 51G, and the second colored portion 51R may be a so-called Bayer arrangement. One pixel P may include the plurality of colored portions 51 of the same color. In FIG. 24, one pixel P includes two first colored portions 51B.

As illustrated in FIG. 25, the arrangement of the first colored portion 51B, the third colored portion 51G, and the second colored portion 51R may be a so-called delta arrangement. The shape of one pixel P in plan view may not be quadrangular. Further, the shape of the pixel electrode 23, the lens 610, and the colored portion 51 in each plan view may also not be quadrangular, and may be a polygon other than a square, such as a hexagon or may be circular, for example.

5-4. Fourth Modified Example

The lens 610 and the colored portion 51 may not overlap the corresponding pixel electrode 23 in plan view. For example, the lens 610 and the colored portion 51 may be disposed offset to the center side of the display region A10 with respect to the corresponding pixel electrode 23 in plan view. The arrangement can suppress degradation in image quality such as color unevenness of the display device 100. Further, since the display device 100 can increase the radiation angle θ for each of the sub-pixels P0, the arrangement can improve the visual field angle characteristic and the image quality.

5-5. Fifth Modified Example

The “first pixel electrode”, the “second pixel electrode”, and the “third pixel electrode” are arbitrarily selected from among the plurality of pixel electrodes 23. Therefore, the pixel electrode 23 corresponding to blue may not be the first pixel electrode 23B. For example, the pixel electrode 23 corresponding to red may be regarded as a “first pixel electrode” and the pixel electrode 23 corresponding to blue may be regarded as a “second pixel electrode”. For example, one of two blue pixel electrodes 23 may be regarded as a “first pixel electrode”, and the other may be regarded as a “second pixel electrode”. However, an area of the “first pixel electrode” in plan view is greater than an area of the “second pixel electrode” in plan view.

Similarly, the “first lens”, the “second lens”, and the “third lens” are arbitrarily selected from among the plurality of lenses 610. However, the “first lens” is disposed so as to correspond to the “first pixel electrode”. Further, the “second lens” is disposed so as to correspond to the “second pixel electrode”. Similarly, the “first colored portion”, the “second colored portion”, and the “third colored portion” are arbitrarily selected from among the plurality of colored portions 51.

6. Electronic Apparatus

The display device 100 in the exemplary embodiments described above is applicable to various electronic apparatuses.

6A. Virtual Image Display Device 900

FIG. 26 is a diagram schematically illustrating a part of an internal structure of the virtual image display device 900 as an example of an electronic apparatus in the present disclosure. The virtual image display device 900 illustrated in FIG. 26 is a head-mounted display (HMD) mounted on a head of a human and configured to display an image. The virtual image display device 900 includes the above-described display device 100 and the eyepiece 90. An image displayed on the display device 100 is emitted as image light L. In FIG. 26, light entering an eye EY is illustrated as the image light L.

The image light L emitted from the display device 100 is magnified by the eyepiece 90 being a condensing lens. Then, the image light L magnified by the eyepiece 90 is guided to the eye EY of a human, and thus the human can see a virtual image formed by the image light L. Note that other various lenses, a light guide plate, and the like may be provided between the eyepiece 90 and the eye EY.

In the virtual image display device 900, the angle of view θ1 needs to be increased in order to acquire a large virtual image. The eyepiece 90 needs to be increased in size in order to increase the angle of view el. An angle a expanding outward with respect to a normal line al of a surface of the pixel electrode 23 needs to be increased in order to increase the angle of view θ1 by using the display device 100 having a planar area smaller than a planar area of the eyepiece 90.

The virtual image display device 900 includes the above-described display device 100. The display device 100 can increase the radiation angle θ1 for each sub-pixel P0. Thus, the angle a can be increased further than that in a known device. Accordingly, even when the display device 100 having a planar area smaller than a planar area of the eyepiece 90 is used, the angle of view θ1 can be increased. Thus, even when the display device 100 smaller than the known device is used, a human can observe a virtual image of the same size as that when the known device is used. In other words, a larger virtual image can be formed by using the display device 100 smaller than the known device. The size of the virtual image display device 900 can be reduced by using such a display device 100.

Further, the radiation angle θ in each of the sub-pixels P0 is increased, and thus a range of light that is emitted from each of the sub-pixels P0 and reaches the eye EY is widened. For this reason, a range on which the luminous flux LL emitted from each of the sub-pixels P0 described above is superimposed is widened. Thus, an allowable range of a position of the eye EY in which a virtual image can be seen is widened. Accordingly, individual differences such as a person with a narrow spacing between both eyes, a person with a wide spacing, a person with a large eye EY, and a person with a small eye EY, for example, are suitably compatible.

Note that examples of the “electronic apparatus” including the display device 100 include an apparatus including an eyepiece, such as an electronic viewfinder and electronic binoculars, in addition to the virtual image display device 900 illustrated in FIG. 26. Further, examples of the “electronic apparatus” include an apparatus including the display device 100 as a display unit, such as a personal computer, a smartphone, and a digital camera.

The present disclosure was described above based on the illustrated exemplary embodiments. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In addition, the configuration of each component of the present disclosure may be replaced with any configuration that exerts the equivalent functions of the above-described exemplary embodiments, and to which any configuration may be added. Further, any configuration may be combined with each other in the above-described exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

The “display device” is not limited to an organic EL display device, and may be an EL display device using an inorganic material, a liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal, and a device including an LED array.

The “display device” is not limited to a device that displays a full color image, but may be a device that displays an image only in a single color. For example, the “display device” may be a device that displays an image expressed in green or a device that displays an image expressed in orange.

A light-emitting portion of the pixel electrode 23 that is in contact with the functional layer 24 may be regarded as a “pixel electrode”. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A display device, comprising: a substrate; a lens layer including a plurality of lenses; and a plurality of pixel electrodes disposed between the substrate and the lens layer, wherein the plurality of pixel electrodes include a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode, the plurality of lenses include a first lens disposed correspondingly to the first pixel electrode and a second lens disposed correspondingly to the second pixel electrode, an area of the first pixel electrode in plan view is greater than an area of the second pixel electrode in the plan view, and an area of the first lens in the plan view is greater than an area of the second lens in the plan view.
 2. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising a color filter disposed between the plurality of pixel electrodes and the lens layer, wherein the color filter includes a first colored portion that overlaps the first pixel electrode in the plan view and a second colored portion that overlaps the second pixel electrode in the plan view, the first colored portion and the second colored portion are aligned in a predetermined direction, and a length in the predetermined direction of the first colored portion is longer than a length in the predetermined direction of the second colored portion.
 3. The display device according to claim 1, wherein a volume of the first lens is greater than a volume of the second lens.
 4. The display device according to claim 1, wherein a first distance between the first pixel electrode and the first lens is longer than a second distance between the second pixel electrode and the second lens in the plan view.
 5. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the first lens overlaps the first pixel electrode in the plan view, and the second lens overlaps the second pixel electrode in the plan view.
 6. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising: a common electrode disposed between the plurality of pixel electrodes and the lens layer; and a light-emitting layer disposed between the plurality of pixel electrodes and the common electrode, and containing an organic light-emitting material.
 7. An electronic apparatus, comprising the display device according to claim
 1. 